Routine Obstetric Care - Second Trimester Anatomy

Ultrasound examination is an indispensable tool in modernObstetrics, enabling precise assessment of fetal anatomy, blood flow in the uteroplacental and fetal circulation. When applied correctly, it provides critical insights into fetal structures, fetal well-being, allows early identification of high-risk pregnancies, and guides timely interventions that can improve perinatal outcomes. However, the accuracy and clinical value of ultrasound findings depend on the operator’s knowledge, technical skill, and interpretation. It is essential to perform measurements accurately across the different feto–maternal structures, and to have the confidence to interpret abnormal findings appropriately—so that each result can meaningfully guide clinical decision-making.